Urinalysis and why it is needed?

 Urinalysis and why it is needed?


The name spoils the ‘suspense’, it is precisely the analysis of a urine sample. Urinalysis is the inspection of urine on a microscopic, chemical, and visual level. It is done to achieve results such as health-related issues or drug tests.


The theory behind this test is that the kidney and liver purify blood and toxins and remove the waste product as urine. So looking at the waste we can identify what's going on in the body. Now you might say why don't we test the blood itself. Although the blood test is also done along with the urine, this test streamlines the issues in terms of kidney functioning. In the case of a dope test, it identifies the presence and amount of a particular substance. For the routine urine tests, the result may give out underlying disease.


Now in health conditions, there are three stages namely screening, diagnostic, and monitoring. Screening is performed to detect the issues. The diagnostic stage is to verify changes occurring in the body in form of reaction or improvement. Screening is necessary to control the treatment's side effects or to measure progress.


What?

So what exactly does the urinalysis measure. It depends on the result. A bit confusing, let me explain. It measures the urine in terms of an average healthy urine sample. So it will never show up full excel sheet about all of its compounds. But it is important to have routine urine tests. And what it reveals depends on the test we are putting it through. As stated the three categories are visual, chemical, and microscopic. Let's study them further. 


Visual

This stage works on visual appeal and smell as it measures color, odor, clarity, and foam content. A certain value or a defined word is stated next to the test. Such as the color-pale yellow, and clarity-very cloudy. We ourselves can conduct regular urine tests on a visual basis i.e, the color.


Microscopic

  • Measures red or white blood cells

  • Measures bacteria, parasites, and things of that composition

  • Measure cast, which are tube-shaped particles that may contain a variety of substances.

  • Crystal and sperm.


Chemical dipstick test

In our chemistry lab, we might have tested things for pH levels on a litmus paper. This is the same kind but it reveals many more findings.

  • Acidity-PH level from one to 14.

  • Ketones-Ketones are formed when the body uses fat but not glucose for energy consumption.

  • Enzyme -Enzymes such as leukocyte esterase can be detected.

  • Nitrite -Due to bacteria the formation of nitrite occurs.

  • Proteins -High content of protein may be harmful

  • Blood cells-To check bleeding in the urine.

  • Glucose -Glucose content can determine proper functioning

  • Concentration -Concentration of particles to determine fluid levels.

  • Bilirubin-A RBC breaking substance, is not naturally found in urine.



Why? 

A doctor will prescribe a urine test if you have urinatory, liver, or kidney-related disease or there are symptoms of that. In the case of a full body checkup also this test emerges. Stating the importance of routine urine tests. A drug test is conducted also based on urinalysis. So we can now also talk about the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring. Before every joining, there are certain tests required including a urine examination.


Screening

This is done to detect traces of a disease so that it can be nipped in the bud, preventing upcoming harm to the body. This step is the precautionary method as the test can reveal a variety of information and any instances in which a patient can be helped. Routine tests have to be our priority including urine examination.


Diagnosis 

Now you have the symptoms related to liver or kidney disease or many diseases which are linked to that disease. Then the diagnosis is done to find the root cause and then take measures to cure this.


Monitoring

Now you are receiving treatment. Then the doctor will prescribe the urine tests periodically so that your condition can be monitored and any effects or ill effects can be measured.


How?

Well, this question is somewhat awkward. But the health problem trumps all. Or a good career opportunity asks for a drug test and potential game jail time in the same context. So generally a pathology lab conducts urine examination and then reports to the doctor. The doctor will examine the report and then make a final verdict. So how do you give your sample to the pathology lab? Many pathology labs nowadays give the service of one-day sample pickup. You can find the sterilized container in chemist shops and then prepare your sample(if you know what I mean). And you can deposit it yourself or avail the services of the labs. But It is important to have routine urine tests.



Precautions

There are no such precautions for the urine test, although you have to dictate the labs about any medication or prescriptions you are taking. You can refer to previous reports if you regularly conduct urine tests. If they allow. Also if other tests are conducted along with this test then you might be advised to fast before the test. There is no need to worry, it is a simple test. There might be some diseases in your body that can be revealed such as diabetes, urinary infection, liver infection, kidney infection, and an infinite number of diseases. Maybe you need to worry and make some lifestyle changes or sacrifices as we have no lack of diseases nowadays. If it's a drug test then you need to worry in case you like to go on that psychedelic trip.




By-
Akhilesh Semwal





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